history of Ball Point Pen

A ballpoint pen is also eponymously known in British English and Australian English as a Biro named after its credited, though contested, inventor László Bíró

The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on 30 October 1888, to Kayleigh frost Loud, a leather tanner, who was attempting to make a writing implement that would be able to write on the leather he tanned, which the then-common fountain pen couldn't do.

In the period between 1904 and 1946, there was intense interest in improving writing instruments, particularly alternatives or improvements to the fountain pen. Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916.

László Bíró, a Hungarian newspaper editor, was frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted in filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, and the sharp tip of his fountain pen often tore his pages of newsprint. Bíró had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. Since, when tried, this viscous ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíró, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to work on designing new types of pens. Bíró fitted this pen with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on 15 June 1938. Bíró also patented the invention in Paris in 1938.

In around 1940-43 the brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne moved to Argentina and on June 10 filed another patent, and formed Biro Pens of Argentina (in fact, in Argentina the ball pen is known as birome, portmanteau of Bíró and Meyne). László Bíró died in Buenos Aires in 1985. Argentina's Inventor's Day is celebrated on Bíró's birthday , September 29.

In 1950 Marcel Bich bought from Bíró the patent for the pen, which soon became the main product of his Bic company. "Bic" as the tradename (pronounced BiK, not Beak); as with 'Hoover' and 'Xerox', the tradename has subsequently passed into general use.


Compiled from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_pen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3

Attributes to Economic Indicators

1- Relation to business cycle/economy
a - Procyclic
b - Countercyclic
c - Acyclic

2 - Frequency

3 - Timing
a - Leading
b - Lagged
c - Coincident

read n detail at about.com :-> http://tinyurl.com/58uao

Business Cycle Indicators

you can find the list of Business Cycle Indicators in the following link from about.com
about.com :-> http://tinyurl.com/yj6uhvq

Of these some important indicators are as follows :
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Consumer Confidence
New Home Sales
Personal Income and Consumption Expenditures
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Retail Sales
Industrial Production

Also following is the link that lists the American collection of economic indicators. It is published by The United States Congress. Their Economic Indicators are published monthly and are available for download in PDF and TEXT formats. The indicators fall into seven broad categories:

about.com :->http://tinyurl.com/yh5txjr

A very useful data for anybody interested in business and strategy.
cheers!!!

why use reading library

1 - you get loneliness along with moral support
2 - you get a non disturbing crowd, along with you to study
3 - you get quite ,nice and conducive environment
4 - you are away from temptation
5 - you get motivation to study more, by seeing others
6 - as you use chair and table to study, even though you take a nap, you get up in 10-15 min
7 - you can use different methods of studying at your convenience

but the library should be
1 - spacious
2 - with proper ventilation

note : if the crowd there is of Medical and CA students, you will automatically study well.

Gyan - Three factors that effects success

Three factors that effects success

1 - Relations : Man is a social animal. S/He cannot live without interacting with people. So relations play a major role in ones success. This relation can range from you spouse, parents, friends to the world outside. Any type of a person is an outcome of the surroundings around him, so give everybody a fair chance and stop being judgmental.

2 - Focus : In life the earlier you are focused the faster you will be successful and the more your life would be simpler. But yes when are you focused you are doing the same thing, so at certain times you have to hold your patience. After all expertise comes with focus and practice, practice, practice.

3 - Positive Attitude : Along with positive attitude you should also have the go getter attitude, that whatever may be the case you will get things done. The positivity will help you to push and the go getter in you will know that you can manage to get it.

Bonus- Grace (the whole world converges to help you) : If you have the above things in you the environment around will help you in some or the other way. At times it may even help you the way you didn't want. But you shouldn't care as it is the result that you should bother.

3 Es of Paradigm Shift in Management

Today we had our convocation for Post Graduate Diploma in Management at our college SIESCOMS, Nerul. Actually this was my first convocation ceremony attended by me. There were two guest being called for this occasion. First were Dr. Govind Natarajan and second were Mr. Jayant Godbole. Both were eminent personalities in the field of IT and Banking respectively.

The occasion started of by our Director Dr. A.K. Sengupta addressing us. I must say this was one of his most motivating speeches I have ever heard. I can still feel the Gus bumps when I am writing this.

Sir talked about the shift in the management paradigms. Basically this was to set the expectation which the corporates will have from the day we join them after MBA. The expectations comes from the need of the company/industry. So sir mentioned about the 3 Es of paradigm shift in the management parlance over the period of say 100 years when management as a concept came into focus.

1. Efficiency : As the concept of management came into place in the early 20s - 60s, people were talking about management efficiency. Every one should be efficient in their work. All processes and standards were monitored on efficiency.

2. Effectiveness : As years moved by, in the period from 60s to 80s, for that matter till 90s people talked about effectiveness. It does not solve any purpose how much efficient you are if a person is not able to deliver. How much ever time you save on a work, if it is not helping getting the work done, than its of no use. So everything should be target or goal specific. Be it market share, profits, sales, quality, customer satisfaction etc...

3. Excellence : Last but not the least from 90s onwards management focused more on excellence. As everybody started to be efficient and effective, what difference you are providing? What is that extra bit in you that makes you excellent.

Hence in short it is the excellence that they look for in new recruits. What different approach, be it in any way, are you bringing to the organization as a fresh blood. From technical side or management side companies now-a-days are rewarding such kind of candidates who brings difference in the perspective. Though at times it would be difficult for a candidate to make this difference, but once the change happens we can easily find people at the age of 35 becoming CEOs of the organizations.

And ofcourse at the end of having all this skills, one should not forget the BASICS

excerpts from nandan nilekani's latest interview on UID project

This is a project, which is unprecedented anywhere in the world

I have an office in the Planning Commission and thanks to Ahluwalia.

Challenges : 1 - De - duplication : to check duplication for 1 million entries daily.
2 - Quality of finger prints

It is an ultimate form of inclusive growth.

Aggressive deadlines : Issue the first set of numbers in 12-18 months.
600 million numbers in five and a half years from now

2 types of companies needed to implement this : One will provide technology for us
The second is those running applications for us

A biometric committee now under Dr B K Gairola, who is the director general of the National Informatics Centre (NIC).

read the full story on BloombergUTV